Artificial Intelligence1:

The term ``artificial intelligence'' includes the following:

  1. Any artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets.

  2. An artificial system developed in computer software,  physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action.

  3. An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks.

  4. A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task.

  5. An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.

 Source: Section 238(g) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (P.L. 117-232) (10 U.S.C. 2358 note).

Artificial Intelligence2:

The term ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. Artificial intelligence systems use machine and human-based inputs to:

  1. perceive real and virtual environments;

  2. abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner; and

  3. use model inference to formulate options for information or action.

Source: The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act (Division E of P.L.116-283).

Artificial Intelligence System:

The term ``artificial intelligence system'': 

  1. Means any data system, software, application, tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or other forms of artificial intelligence, whether (i) the data system, software, application, tool, or utility is established primarily for the purpose of researching, developing, or implementing artificial intelligence technology; or (ii) artificial intelligence capability is integrated into another system or agency business process, operational activity, or technology system; and
  2. does not include any common commercial product within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation system.

Source: Advancing American AI Act (Subtitle B of Title LXXII of Division G of P.L.117-263).

Catastrophic Incident:

The term ``catastrophic incident'':

  1. means any natural or man-made disaster that results in extraordinary levels of casualties or damage, mass evacuations, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale, or government functions in an area; and

  2. may include an incident (i) with a sustained national impact over a prolonged period of time; that may rapidly exceed resources available to State and local government and private sector authorities in the impacted area; or (iii) that may significantly interrupt governmental operations and emergency services to such an extent that national security could be threatened.

Source: Global Catastrophic Risk Mitigation Act (Subtitle A of Title LXXIII of Division G of P.L.117-263).

Cloud Computing:

The term ``cloud computing'' has the meaning given the term by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in NIST Special Publication 800-145 and any amendatory or superseding document thereto.

Source: Section 1076 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (P.L.115-91) (40 U.S.C. 11301 note).

Digital Content Forgery:

The term ‘‘digital content forgery technology’’ means the use of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, to fabricate or manipulate audio, visual, or text content with the intent to mislead.

Source: The Deepfake Report Act (section 9004 of P.L.116-283).

Digital Talent:

For the purposes of this section, the term ``digital talent'' includes positions and capabilities in, or related to, software development, engineering, and product management; data science; artificial intelligence; distributed ledger technologies; autonomy; data management; product and user experience design; and cybersecurity.

Source: The AI Capability and Transparency Act (sections 909 of P.L.117-81).

Existential Risk:

The term ``existential risk'' means  the potential for an outcome that would result in human extinction.
Source: Global Catastrophic Risk Mitigation Act (Subtitle A of Title LXXIII of Division G of P.L.117-263).   

Global Catastrophic Risk:

The term ``global catastrophic risk'' means the risk of events or incidents consequential enough to significantly harm or set back human civilization at the global scale.

Source: Global Catastrophic Risk Mitigation Act (Subtitle A of Title LXXIII of Division G of P.L.117-263).

Global Catastrophic and Existential Threats:

The term "global catastrophic and existential threats'' means threats that with varying likelihood may produce consequences severe enough to result in systemic failure or destruction of critical infrastructure or significant harm to human civilization. Examples of global catastrophic and existential threats include severe global pandemics, nuclear war, asteroid and comet impacts, supervolcanoes, sudden and severe changes to the climate, and intentional or accidental threats arising from the use and development of emerging technologies.

Source: Global Catastrophic Risk Mitigation Act (Subtitle A of Title LXXIII of Division G of P.L.117-263).

Information Technology:

The term ``information technology'' has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.

Source: Section 1076 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (P.L.115-91) (40 U.S.C. 11301 note).

Initiative:

The term ‘‘Initiative’’ means the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative established under section 5101(a) [of P.L.116-283].

Source: The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act (Division E of P.L.116-283).

Initiative Office:

The term ‘‘Initiative Office’’ means the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Office established under section 5102(a) [of P.L.116-283].

Source: The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act (Division E of P.L.116-283).

Legacy Information Technology System:

The term ``legacy information technology system'' means an outdated or obsolete system of information technology.

Source: Section 1076 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (P.L.115-91) (40 U.S.C. 11301 note).

Machine Learning:

The term ‘‘machine learning’’ means an application of artificial intelligence that is characterized by providing systems the ability to automatically learn and improve on the basis of data or experience, without being explicitly programmed.

Source: The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act (Division E of P.L.116-283).